Why are two viscosities offered?
Higher viscosity gives marginally better protection with a marginal fuel economy penalty. Hot countries and "performance" oriented driving.
Since in these uber skinny oils the hot viscosity is probably mostly achieved with viscosity modifiers, which can break down, the 30 MIGHT tend to clog your rings more
Which is best?
Depends what you want, and on secrets that you probably wont be able to find out, but I'd pick the 0W30.
Is the 'thinner' one for colder countries, e.g. Scotland ;-)
Not necessarily, because the engine operating temperature should be controlled and thus the same apart from in extreme heat.
Is 00W20 now recommended for newer engines?
Some, but thats mostly for fuel economy
Would a 'thinner' oil protect more against carbonisation?
Why would you think that? Thinner oil will tend to pass the rings more, so more carbon. OTOH, as above, the thicker stuff may have a higher VI loading which MIGHT tend to clog the rings more at high mileages.
I wonder if there are any oil experts out there who know the pros and cons?
Perhaps working for the oil company, but they'll have non-disclosure agreements in place
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