Sounds very much like a deteriorated mass air flow sensor. This is the exact symptom of it. The MAF is a hot blade. The ECM sends a voltage supply (5v) to the hot blade which is heated up. The passing air forces the hot blade to cool. The greater volume of air that passes the faster it cools, and the more the ECM has to reheat it. This is how the ECM measures air flow. If the hot blade is dirty, covered in dust and dirt from the air then the passing air does not have much of a cooling effect on it. The ECM then doesn't have to reheat it much, and responds by underfuelling because it thinks there's not much air passing and that the engine isn't under very much load. A fault code will not be stored because the ECM will not know there's a fault. How would it know the difference between this condition and you driving the car lightly? It wouldn't.

As a test try disconnecting the MAF sensor and see if the performance improves. The ECM will now not be able to measure airflow at all, and so an average substitute value will be used to keep the engine running. Bear in mind that an open circuit fault code will now be stored. If your performance improves with the MAF disconnected you'll know you need a new one.