Control of diesel particulates (smoke & soot) has been a phased approach, starting with Euro 1.
Euro 4 was mandatory for new Type Approvals of diesels from January 2005, restricting the amount of PMs to 0.025 g/km. Some diesels needed a DPF to meet this standard.
Euro 5a was mandatory for new Type Approvals of diesels and direct injection petrols from September 2009, restricting the amount of PMs to 0.005 g/km. More diesels needed a DPF
Euro 5b was mandatory for new Type Approvals of diesels from September 2011, restricting the number of of PMs. The use of DPF was made mandatory
Euro 6 was mandatory for new Type Approvals of direct injection petrols from September 2014, restricting the number of of PMs. Euro 6 also further restricted the NOx emitted by diesels
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