You say "thermostat less likely",
Odd as I would condifer this as classic symptoms of a partially stuck open 'stat!
Working 'stat only circulates engine coolant until aprox 90 degrees,
So gauge ought to rise relatively quickly to normal operating temp then drop as the 'stat opens to the Radiator,
then rise again to normal operating temp,
which is where it stays unless it's a hot day,
your stuck in trafic,
or high engine revs,
when the rad fan should kick in to drop the temp to normal operating temp.
If the 'stat is stuck open the rad system is included in the coolant circuit so the entire coolant cuircuit NEVER reaches operating temp unless you hammer it until the engine temperature does actually rise to where it ought to be.
I run a rough coolant test by starting the car,
leaving it at idle while monitoring to temp,
which should rise and fall/rise again as stated,
then the rad fan should kick in then switch off when cooled some.
But as this is winter it might need a 5/10 min' high idle to get the gauge up.
I'm betting yours never gets hot enough to kick the rad fans in.
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