You may have a worn or faulty fuel injector. The purpose of the pre injection phase, prior to the main injection phase is for noise reduction. A good scantool should be able to show the injection phases in respect of the ECM controlling them in graph form, but it cannot show how fuel is actually being injected. For that the injectors will have to be bench tested. Also if the injectors have ever been removed and refitted in a different order than before the operating codes may not be correctly entered into the ECM, meaning the ECM will not have the correct information to correctly operate each injector. This is worth checking.
Glow plugs are also for noise and emission reduction when the engine is cold, but they should switch off after a short while after startup. So if your problem occurs for more than a minute or so after starting a glow plug is not likely to be the cause.
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