There is a chemical test for head gasket leaks applied to the coolant. No idea how reliable it is, but when shown to me in the early 80's by a garage proprietor it was a cheap test to do.
Idea basically was to avoid doing unneeded and expensive head jobs.
I had a car that always gave signs of leaks when you filled to the cold level - but if you let it drop, it got to the same amount below the level, and dropped no more. In other words, it was blowing the coolant out when it pressurised, but didn't actaully have a leak. Once I wised up to this, I never topped it up again in 50 000 miles
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