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WW2 Navigation - Doc

How did Spitfire pilots navigate in the war?

After a violent dog fight with several dives and turns, how did they know where they were to be able to plot a route back to base, given that they had no modern instrumentation?

Edited by Doc on 29/08/2011 at 17:23

WW2 Navigation - dadbif
With a compass of course.....
WW2 Navigation - Doc

But if you do not know your position, you can't set a bearing to your destination.

WW2 Navigation - unthrottled

No. That's one of the reasons WW2 bombing raids were so inaccurate.

If you had a dog fight over the North sea, you'd know that Blighty was to the west and Europe to the east. That's about as good as it got in the dark!

WW2 Navigation - piston power

Radar was available during the war we had chain home radar stations & the pilots could follow the signals back to base.

Besides a top pilot knows were he is the white cliffs of Dover are in England not France. :-)

WW2 Navigation - expatsFL

Radio beacons emiting dif signal wavelengths

WW2 Navigation - OG

You look out for landmarks on the ground.

You ask the controllers for a "fix". They get three tracking stations to take a bearing on your radio signal, calculate your position and give you a course for home.

You land at the first airfield you see, they tell you where you are, re-fuel your aircraft and away you go.

WW2 Navigation - jamie745

These navigation methods do sound a bit stone age. Volvo have a similiar setup on their Sat Nav's.

WW2 Navigation - Collos25

My father had a habit of landing in the channel that way he got a new plane .

WW2 Navigation - piston power

My father had a habit of landing in the channel that way he got a new plane .

Lol..... What did he fly?

WW2 Navigation - TeeCee

Landmarks to fix position, compass to get home. Newbies get to follow someone who knows better.

At least they had the luxury of the channel to provide a hint to the truly clueless. In WW1, more than one pilot, on landing at a convenient aerodrome to ask directions, was inconvenienced on finding that he'd erred as to which side of the lines he was currently. The Allies aquired the Fokker interrupter gear courtesy of some German ferry pilot putting down a shiny, new Eindekker at one of our aerodromes in France and no doubt the Germans were delighted to get a Sopwith Dolphin before any of our lads did.

Going back to WW2 and landmarks. In Alex Henshaw's book, "Sigh for a Merlin" he recounts the story of when he took someone up on a day with 100% low cloud cover. After flying around a bit, his passenger observed that they would never find their way back due to the ground being totally obscured by cloud. Henshaw bet him that they would emerge through the cloud lined up with the runway and collected! He could see the cloud deck "boiling" due to the cooling towers of the Hams Hall power station below.

That book's well worth a read as Henshaw was senior test pilot for Supermarines.

WW2 Navigation - Bromptonaut

Alex Henshaw's colleague Jeffrey Quill also wrote of his experiences both in the Spitfire and earlier in his career. One of his RAF postings was in the 'Met' flight doing observations of temperature and pressure at various altitudes and in all weathers. Very, very few times did he fail to get back to base; navigation mostly by landmark and stopwatch. Operational minima cae later.

Don't forget there were lots of airfields around London/Kent etc. Biggin, Kenley, Hornchurch etc were main bases with assorted sattelite fields. Although fast by the standards ofthe day the Spit & Hurri landed at around 60-70 and putting it down in a field was possible. The Spitfire's spindly undercarriage meant landings 'off piste' were likley to result in a ground loop and damage but pilots often walked away. The tougher Hurricane survived a little better in these circs.

And plenty of pilots flying in marginal conditions with busted instruments etc were lost inthe Channel and Nort Sea.

WW2 Navigation - JOGON

How did Spitfire pilots navigate in the war?

After a violent dog fight with several dives and turns, how did they know where they were to be able to plot a route back to base, given that they had no modern instrumentation?

As if to prove your point:-

During WW2, the German Focke Wulf 190 was introduced and 'had the edge' over the Spitfire.

A plan was hatched by Captain Philip Pinkney for SAS/Commandos to capture one and bring it back intact, 'Operation Airthief'. This would have been highly dangerous.

But luckily "...Oberleutnant Arnim Faber took a wrong turn whilst piloting one of the FW190's over the Channel. Having escaped a dogfight with Polish Spitfire Squadrons, he headed for Wales instead of his own airstrip near Caen. He performed a victory roll before a perfect landing at RAF Pembrey. Faber had an English Grandmother was very co-operative, thoughtfully pointing out many of the plane's many refinements including one for self-destruction should it fall into enemy hands (so secret was it)...". [c.Draper & Challenor:- 'Tanky Challenor, SAS & THE MET]

WW2 Navigation - Collos25

Interesting fact is that more air crew were lost in non combat rather than combat situations.But then again there was no Health and Safety dept 1939 to 1945.

WW2 Navigation - bathtub tom

Including the losses by bomber command?

WW2 Navigation - jamie745

Shouldve had high visibility jackets then they wouldve been totally safe.

WW2 Navigation - Bromptonaut

Jamie,

Mrs B's Uncle was conscripted to the Front Line in France. Even now at 85 he has nightmares about the stuff he saw. My Uncle flew transport planes out to the Far East in support of the British Army in Burma etc He could at least talk about it afterwards.

Death in war is not a suitable peg for flip comments about the H&S culture 70 years on.

Edited by Bromptonaut on 28/10/2011 at 21:49

WW2 Navigation - jamie745

I know its been a while since a good Jamie-centric-controversy on HJ but theres no need to go drumming one up out of nothing.

WW2 Navigation - bathtub tom

jamie745.

Many here have their own opinions of your taste and perhaps your chemical consumption, but as we approach November 11th, perhaps even you could moderate your comments on those who gave so much more than you?

WW2 Navigation - jamie745

People gave their lives so as we had the freedom to decide what we wish to do and say and part of that is im allowed to make a harmless health and safety joke (which was directed at the 'wear high vis and thats safe' brigade and nothing to do with soldiers) if i want to. Just as you have the right to make a big fuss out of it for no reason. It was in response to Collos saying there was no H&S department back then but he doesnt have to put up with this grief.

Edited by jamie745 on 29/10/2011 at 00:16

WW2 Navigation - Avant

Let's keep this thread about WW2 navigation please: straying from it in this case is unproductive.

I would just add that the Royal British Legion and Help for Heroes work (in different ways but closely in alliance) for the benefit of people who are or have been in the armed Services, so please support them when you can, and as Armistice Day (11.11.11 this year) and Remembrance Sunday draw near, let's wear our poppies with pride.

WW2 Navigation - Collos25

My father flew Lancesters along with many brave young men who never came back he was lucky but after the war never flew again,I still have his heated flying boots and gloves these people gave everthing so that many unworthy people could have the freedom they now enjoy.

His navigation was done by a navigator when they became incapicitated he flew low so he could try and get some landmarks he new like the channel ,the white cliffs or Lincoln cathedral in foggy weather is when many crashed and lost there lives.Even more remarkable were the big wings how they were able to fly across europe drop their payload and return back to their base.