Sounds as though it was overfilled with oil and it started running on the surplus lubrication oil.
(CONFIRMING SIMILAR ENGINE FAILURE EXPERIENCE, on Mazda 3 Diesel in AUSTRALIA).
Hello from Australia. The engine in my 2007 Mazda 3 Diesel, with only 19,500kms on it, suddenly revved the hell out of itself last year, 2 days prior to me bringing it in for the 20,000km service, and the engine pretty much seized. The final diagnosis by Mazda Australia, after a week long investigation involving fuel and engine oil sampling, came down to this - too much oil built up in the engine, causing (as the forum replier suggested above) the diesel engine to run on surplus lubrication oil. I had checked the engine oil level before and it had indeed gone over the "X" mark on the dipstick (keeping in mind that Mazda's diesel dipstick has its Full mark at the bottom, and X mark further up the top), but thinking the 20,000km service was around the corner anyway, I waited till then to bring the car in for servicing. I was stunned then when the car accelerated like a jack rabbit out of nowhere, the revs hitting 6000rpm and staying there for 3 seconds.
Mazda Australia to their credit did not ascertain blame on me for allowing the engine oil to go beyond the X level, and they replaced the engine. Unfortunately the other major components got damaged as well - the turbo charger and the DPF. All up, including labour costs, the final repair cost was about 95% of the new car price, but I did not end up paying a cent because it was under warranty.
They flashed updated the ECM in the car to fix the problem. I heard from around the traps, that a Mazda 6 in another part of Australia suffered the same fate - both instances, because they were rare, caught Mazda by surprise.
I got Mazda Aust to then write me an official diagnosis and repair report, which they did. My car has been fine since, and the engine oil has not crept up dramatically between service intervals ie. the ECM flash seems to have fixed it.
You may be asking at this point ... "why does engine oil build up in Mazda's diesel engine?" ... well, I asked myself the same question, it turns out their engines are designed with "fuel dilution" as a feature, to burn off the soot in the DPF. This is all controlled by the ECM. To save time explaining it all, read the following article I tracked down on the net ....
http://www.1st-in-synthetics.com/articles/fuel_dilution_surfaces_as_issue_in_some_modern_diesel_engines.htm
I'm not sure what the UK laws are regarding this, but I personally would chase Mazda down for liability, because it's a design fault. Mazda will likely claim it was the owner's responsibility to ensure the engine oil did not go about the "X" mark on the dipstick, but in my opinion every owner is reasonably entitled to believe their engine won't blow up just because the engine oil went above this mark, ESPECIALLY WHEN IT IS BETWEEN SERVICE INTERVALS.
Anyway, it's just pure fortune I stumbled upon this forum (being in Aust I don't always read UK stuff, unless it's about motorbikes!), I hope I've managed to shine some light on all this ... if you can confirm your engine oil went above the "X" mark on the dipstick, I would say this was the problem, and in my opinion, you have grounds to get Mazda to fix it, regardless who serviced it.
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