This means that Birmingham will miss out on 12 x hotel costs, 16 x dinners , drinks and nights out, 16 x car park costs etc. once a month.
Train not an option?
Often not a viable one, either in terms of cost or travel time. I just looked up what it would cost me for a weekday rush-hour trip:
Train: 3hr trip with two train changes (depart 5am, arrive 50 mins early [the next one arrives 10mins late] at 8.10am), cost £82, then either taxi/bus or walk to destination.
Car: 1hr 40mins - 2hrs 20mins but can leave whenever I like (same destination on Google Maps), petrol cost £31. Guess at parking cost (if none at destination office available): £10. Plus likely short walk to destination.
Half the price to go by car and probably an hour less travel time and avoiding the issue of missed connections. Admitedly my journey is more 'across country' and the difference might be less going from one well-connected city to another (I'd rarely consider driving into London, for example, as the cost and/or time/hassle would be far greater, even without the congestion charge).
One of the problems being away from London is often poor travel connections for East-West routes north of London and North-South ones in the South and South West of England. It's bad enough with the roads, but in my experience, public transport (especially trains) are far worse, because they are all London'centric in how they are arranged and prioritised.
Where I live (in Herfordshire), we have VERY poor Eas-West road and rail/bus connections (rail by far the worst) in comparison to North-South (which go to London). This mean it takes me just as long to travel to the other side of the county as it does to go to London and back during the rush hour by public transport.
Making Birmingham a ULEZ may look good (as well as, on the surface, being financially lucrative, like that in London when it and the Congestion Charge began), but eventually it starts to put people off enough to avoid the place entirely. I know a lot of people who hated living and/or working in London, and the pandemic just gave them that final push to leave, whether working from home, or relocating their business or home.
Birmingham doesn't have the attractions of being the capital city with all the centre of government, financial firms and other international businesses HQs to drive their business, plus the many and varied links to abroad, so the push to leave may be sooner, and more stark.
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