Petrol is a mixture of organic chemicals, mostly saturated hydrocarbons, with small amounts of additives to improve combustion, plus a few percent of ethanol. These components will have different volatilities, so some will tend to escape faster than others. In a closed tank the mixture will not change noticeably over weeks or months, and in the dark there will be no chemical change either. Petrol would be a much more hazardous material to store if it was liable to spontaneous deterioration.
The only concession I make to fuel 'going off' is to empty the tank on my mower at the start of the winter lay-off - tho that is getting shorter each year ....
What happens when petrol is stored in a container open to the atmosphere, like a vehicle fuel tank, is that gradually the higher fraction aromatics evaporate, and at the same time if the fuel contains ethanol some water vapour will be attracted to the ethanol in the fuel.
I have found that petrol stored in a sealed container in a cool place does not seem to suffer deterioration as I store 30 to 40 litres for my standby generator in sealed plastic fuel cans. This fuel is rotated round and replaced, used in the mowers etc so is not stored indefinitely.
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