This is a classic example of how failure of a cheap component can result in catastrophic damage, often leading to scrapping of an otherwise sound old car. Far from being 'idle', the tension pulley is always at work ensuring the cambelt works properly. If the pulley fails, so does the cambelt, either by being fried or having its teeth ripped off by the crankshaft cogwheel as it tries to drive it round a seized pulley which will hardly move. If the cambelt fails, so does the engine. If the engine is 'interference', as they usually are, the valves hit the pistons and the engine is broken, needing an expensive rebuild or replacement.
I am surprised that there are no sensors to warn of undue temperature rise or vibration in such an important component. Such sensors are cheap enough these days. They are even fitted to display the relatively unimportant outside temperature! But of course that would mean less work for garages and car makers.
I remember being alerted to imminent tension pulley failure in our old Passat by a squealing noise at around 130,000 miles and replaced it before it seized completely and friction-fried the cambelt (which was still OK when we sold it at 242,000 miles). Never ignore squealing noises!
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