I rub rusty metal with aluminium foil, using sunflower oil as a binder. This is a one-step self-generating metallic paint and metal finishing treatment. The foil can be conformed to surfaces much more easily than wet-and-dry, produces no grit, but does deposit a protective metal coating.
If I need a bit more rust shifting/metal deposition I use a flattened beer can as an abrasive disk in a power drill, used dry initially, then with binder.
I doubt this is likely to significantly damage steel.
If I wanted to paint (never have) I'd use an alkyd resin like Penetrol instead of the sunflower oil, since I dunno how well that (or other vegetable oils like linseed) takes a top coat, and it would probably set faster.
Edited by edlithgow on 20/07/2019 at 10:19
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