"What confuses me is why the engine management light is not on if there is an error code?
The code tells you a fault condition has happened, the light tells you a fault condition is happening. The code could have been stored from an event that happened years ago.
P0170 doesnt indicate a specific component is at fault, it indicates a fuel trim problem which in turn could be caused by one or many seperate and unrelated issues and it can be a difficult one to diagnose
Saying that its usually MAF, lambda or EGR related as these are the parts most likely to fail, but air/vacuum leaks and cracks in manifolds/heads can flag it up, even driving in torrential rain has been known to upset the mixture enough to flash the light.
Personaly I would get a £10 code reader off ebay and erase it in the hope it doesnt come back. If it does I suggest your best option is to find someone with the kit to run live data analysis and examine components dynamically. Otherwise you may find yourself guessing and throwing money at parts that might not need to be replaced.
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