It seems the cheat software isn't illegal in Europe, due to lax regulation, but the investigations have discovered excess CO2 readings which the recall is designed to fix.
NOx is a wider issue affecting all brands because the current pussy-foot test is so unrepresentative of real world driving - so as long as the recalled VW's meet the NOx level on test, it's "ok" for them to carry on with high NOx outputs in real life, just like the other brands.
NOx levels in congested cities won't get any better until the new real-world test and Euro 7 limits are applied - unless restrictions are placed on diesels going into cities, but that hits public transport more than private.
In the US however, the cheat is illegal even in states that do no emissions testing at all. It looks likely that the 4-cylinder cars there fitted with Lean NOx Traps (LNT) will need to be retro-fitted with DEF/Adblue systems, or bought back where it's cheaper.
Edited by RT on 26/11/2015 at 10:09
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