"What is the purpose of the rubber flap? Does it matter if it's got a hole?"
Not sure what the flap is for, probably to ensure most of the engine air intake comes via the air filter/outside world. With 125k miles on the clock your engine will probably have enough wear on it to ensure that you always have positive crankcase pressure though. Mine has about 100k on it and when warmed up if you disconnect the breather pipe you can feel a gentle but steady output.
To be honest I don't think the rubber flap was in great nick on mine.
If you are not doing so already I would recommend running this engine on super unleaded - they are prone to pre-ignition on 95 RON petrol which can cause piston damage. Can't have been a previous big issue on your car as it has 125k on it!! I usually find that on mine the extra cost is "nearly" offset by improved economy especially on a long run.
If you get a rattle on a cold morning on startup it is probably piston slap - they all seem to do it as they have very small light pistons. Mine started doing this at 30k.
Also keep an eye on the nuts securing the EGR valve on the front of the engine to the right hand side of the exhaust manifold (If fitted - some earlier 1.4 16v MkIV Golfs didn't have them) - They can rust up so it is worth spraying plusgas or WD40 on the threads every now and again as sooner rather that later they will need to be undone as the EGR valve is prone to failure (Throws up engine management light - code "insufficient flow") . Easy job if you can undue the nuts.
Generally though from new I have had so little trouble with this car other than the usual service items and the above (+ a couple of suspension springs) I'm reluctant to get rid of it even though it is nearly 11 years old now.
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