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Removal of a sheared stud. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
I suppose this is the inevitable followup to the copperslip thread. ;-(

Despite 7 days of WD40 sprayage the last of the 8 exhaust studs on my pride and joy[1] sheared while undoing it's nut.

The cylinder head is alloy, the stud is steel of some kind.

We're talking about item 22 as described here: 216.37.204.203/Yamaha_OEM/YamahaMC.asp?Type=13&A=8...4

For the purposes of discussion I will try and sketch the situation below:

|| = thread.
@ = not threaded, and slightly wider than the 8mm hex section.

Before:

|||||||||@||||||||| [ Cylinder Head side]

After:

||||@||||||||||| [ Cylinder Head side]

It now has enough thread to put a nut on the exhaust end and about the same of non threaded stud.

Simply making a flat screw thread on the end and apllying twist with that and some mole grips would be easy but it'll be to tight for that to work I'm sure.

Possible plans:

a) Thread the wider section and put two nuts tightened against each other and try and screw it out that way. However it's wider and I'm by no means sure that it'll thread to the same size.
b) Trying to drill it out. Again very tight for space. It would need to be a *very* long drill bit 'cos the frame prevents anything wider than the original hex from getting in there.

The problem is it's so tight/rusted in that the thing has sheared. I can't see how putting twist on the studd can work - surely it'll just shear again lower?
Another problem is lack of space. I'm not at all sure I can drill it or tap it with the engine in situ.

So some questions:

Will applying heat help?

Is there a better 'loosening' agent than WD40.

Is there a magic solution to this one that I'm not aware off?

I am prepared to pay for this to be done profesionally but I'm not sure if it would make much difference.

Why don't manufacturers make exhaust studs and nuts out of something that doesn't rust???




[1] Bike.


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Parp, Parp!
Removal of a sheared stud. - jc
Plus-Gas is far superior to Wd-40 for penetrating.
Removal of a sheared stud. - Ian Cook
I'm trying to remember something from a very long time ago but I'm sure that we had a similar problem with a broken stud in a motorcyle head. My mate took it to a specialist engineering shop and they used a sonic drill, I believe. It might be worth contacting somwhere via yellow pages.

Ian Cook
Removal of a sheared stud. - M.M
Toad,

Methods different depending on how much stud is left sticking out. If you have about 10mm then a stud removal tool that goes onto a 1/2" drive should do it.

With about 5mm left sometimes you can fit a nut (one size over if reqd) and weld it to the stud through the nut.

If almost nothing left to grip then you are looking at a drill and extractor. Can be a right pig with an alloy head.

And then anything else anyone can think of!

David W
Removal of a sheared stud. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
I've easily got 10mm if you include the section without thread.

The only problem I can forsee is that the section left is not of uniform diameter.

This looks like the perfect solution...



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Parp, Parp!
Removal of a sheared stud. - M.M
Toad,

The stud removal tool goes over the stud and there is a self-tightening sort of splined thingy driven by the 1/2" ratchet.

It will self-tighten onto anything of any shape. A rusty nail, a twig, a hex spline, your finger...anything at all.

Anyone got a better description, that doesn't give much of an image.

David W
Removal of a sheared stud. - blank
David:

I was intrigued what the stud extractor might look like. The image I get from your description is something like a drill chuck. Is this close?

Andy
Removal of a sheared stud. - M.M
Andy,

Look at Draper Tools.

www.drapertools.com/draper/Templates/draper/MainSc...p

Follow through the menu starting with Browse then..

Hand Tools - Automotive - Engine Service - Splitters & Extractors.

Then click on the Heavy Duty Stud Extractor and that's what I have. Sykes tools do an even better more compact device that uses a set of three internal rollers to grip the stud as you apply pressure with the ratchet.

David W
Removal of a sheared stud. - blank
David:
Thanks for the pointer and what a great website. I now understand!

Cheers

Andy
Removal of a sheared stud. - John S
ToTH

If it's that tight, a pair of locked nuts is unlikely to shift it. I've seen a similar problem resolved by welding a nut onto the broken stud, and using this to unscrew it, but this does carry the risk of shearing it again. That said, I suspect the heat of the torch during the welding probably had a beneficial effect. It's worth heating it up to expand the stud, and if possible quenching it as this may loosen the grip of the corrosion.

The one that *never* fails to remove a rusted nut from a bolt is to heat it to red hot and then quench it, but that's not quite the problem here

If all else fails it's going to be a head off job for a drill out, I'm afraid

Regards

John S
Removal of a sheared stud. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
It's worth
heating it up to expand the stud, and if possible quenching
it as this may loosen the grip of the corrosion.


I was thinking that applying heat would expand the alloy *more* than the nut and might free it that way.

So the current plan is a combination of Plus-Gas heat/quenching and if there's space, a stud extractor.

If it comes to taking the engine out of the frame another option is to leave it and *hope* that I can seal it with only one stud on that pipe.

I don't like doing that but I have recent experience of drilling steel out of Aluminium and the heat of the drill seemed to weld the steel and Aluminium together.



--
Parp, Parp!
Removal of a sheared stud. - borasport20
I was going to recommend plus-gas and heat-quench, but all the wise people beat me to it

Before you do go ahead with that, try seeing if there are any engine specialists in your area, and find out if they can do spark-erosion on it. I dont understand it but somehow a charge is put through the components and where they jump the gap between block and stud it burns away the stud. Sounds like witchcraft to me, and it may only work on iron blocks, but you can only ask


when you've got tired of driving ...
www.mikes-walks.co.uk
Spark erosion - Stargazer {P}
I know that you will probably not use spark erosion, but just for general interest, this is a very powerful technique together with its related wire erosion technique.

While it can cut very accurate holes in ferrous materials I have never heard of its use on non-ferrous metals. I wouldnt expect the thread to remain useable....surely the whole point to avoid
a thread insert.

regards

Ian
Spark erosion - petergabbott
Ian L. mentions spark erosion techniques. -Sounds rather like my attempts at welding?
Removal of a sheared stud. - borasport20
p.s.

there are alternative types of stud extractor to the ones mentioned above - they are rather like the taps used for cutting a thread in a hole, but slightly tapered and with a reverse thread.

you use them by squaring off the sheared stud, drilling a hole in it and screwing in the extractor, which screws in in the way the stud unscrews ...... if you get my drift

might be more useful if your short of space

hth

when you've got tired of driving ...
www.mikes-walks.co.uk
Removal of a sheared stud. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
there are alternative types of stud extractor to the ones mentioned
above - they are rather like the taps used for cutting
a thread in a hole, but slightly tapered and with a
reverse thread.
you use them by squaring off the sheared stud, drilling a
hole in it and screwing in the extractor, which screws in
in the way the stud unscrews ...... if you get my
drift
might be more useful if your short of space


Ideal from a space point of view. However if I sheared an 8mm stud I'm certainly gonna shear the extractor. In fact I sheared an extractor 3 weeks ago and it prevented me drilling a bolt out.

What I need is a mobile mechanic who knows his stuff. Now who do I know who fits the bill.... ;-)



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Parp, Parp!
Welding + Heat issues + Stud removal. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
Thanks to everyone for the advice.

-Welding option.-

1) I can't get the nut more than three turns on the thread. Will the weld be strong enough without melting the nut too badly?

2) Is an arc welder going to destory my bikes electrics?

3) Will I be able to find a mobile welding bloke?

-Heat-

And all advice seems to imply heat being the key to freeing tight threads. Yet surely the exhaust studs are heated and cooled every time the bike is used? Is heating it really going to help?

I plan to heat the stud every day for a few days and apply oil in the hope that some gets sucked into any air pockets in the thread when it contracts again. Is this a useful thing to do?

-Stud Extractor-

Do these 'really' shear bolts?


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Parp, Parp!
Welding + Heat issues + Stud removal. - BrianW
2) Is an arc welder going to destory my bikes electrics?

3) Will I be able to find a mobile welding bloke?

Answers to the above:
2) No
3) Yellow Pages: I used one yesterday and for £52 saved £400+ on replacing the exhaust on the car and scooter.
Welding + Heat issues + Stud removal. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
If I'd known that I wouldn't have had to buy a new exhaust... ;-(


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Parp, Parp!
Welding + Heat issues + Stud removal. - BrianW
Toad
I am just glad that I had the courage to follow David W's advice and look at the welding option rather than the Pug dealer who categorically stated that it was not weldable!
Lesson: get a second opinion.
Paging Andrew Moorey. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
Comment on the Diversion owners site suggests that screwing a nut on and welding is a better solution than the stud extractor.

I think this has reached the stage where I need profesional help is this something Tune-up can help with?



--
Parp, Parp!
Paging Andrew Moorey. - Daedalus
ToTH

John S has made the best suggestion, weld a nut onto the stud and heat the stud up. Do it a couple of times get the stud red hot but dont melt it. After it has cooled down it should come out fairly easily.


Bill
Stud Removal. - Dizzy {P}
I agree with Bill. On very-siezed steam railway bits, I weld a nut to the stud (or sheared bolt) to give some purchase. If it still won't free off, I heat the thing to red heat and cool it very rapidly with water a couple of times and this usually does the trick.

However, this is with ferrous items, not aluminium. Please don't allow the aluminium head to heat up too much because, as I'm sure you know, the melting point is a lot lower than steel and you get almost NO warning that aluminium is about to melt! In practice, of course, the aluminium will probably conduct heat away too quickly anyway for it to melt, though I'd play safe all the same.

I also agree that WD40 isn't a lot of use for freeing corroded parts, Plus Gas or diesel fuel being far better. Also, I have a lovely set of Easi-Out extractors but have yet to use them successfully, one snag being that it is very difficult to drill centrally in a broken stud in an awkward position, and if it is too hard for a normal HS drill bit it would need drilling with a cobalt drill running in coolant. Manifold studs, though, are likely to be in a fairly mild grade.

Finally, like others I have had very good results with using Coppaslip on things like manifold studs and we use it quite a lot at the railway. We use a special graphited grease on the very high temperature parts like superheater element bolts but I've never tried this on a car engine (and it is very messy!).
Stud Removal. - David Lacey
"Why don't manufacturers make exhaust studs and nuts out of something that doesn't rust???"

Because it's not in their interests!

Think, 6,7,8 years down the line - it's not their problem!


MG-Rover Questions? Click on www.mg-rover.org
Stud Removal. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
"Why don't manufacturers make exhaust studs and nuts out of something
that doesn't rust???"
Because it's not in their interests!
Think, 6,7,8 years down the line - it's not their problem!


Goes to show how c**p bike reviews are.

All focused on speed and handling. My next bike will have alloy frame and swing arm, Stainless exhaust and no shims.

The bike mags never mention the *huge* advantages of these features or which bikes have them.


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Parp, Parp!
Stud Removal. - Daedalus
ToTH

Have to agree with you on the bike tests they never have anything about maintenance or just a passing comment on quality of finish.
My Blackbird is now looking scruffy after 3 winters and 32000 miles, the paints OK but the fittings are very dull or rusty. The additional cost for all of the fittings to be in stainless would add about £50.00 max to the cost of the bike. But add up all those £50.00s over 50,000 bikes and then you can see why they are made of greeen cheese.


Bill
Stud Removal. - BrianW
Hi, Bill
My bike stands out during the day and gets used throughout the year.
As you say, after a while the chromed bits get to look a bit tarnished and without fairings the rest of the fiddly bits which you can't get to acquire a coating of grease and road dirt.
Even a pressure washer doesn't make much impression. Now, where can I get it steam cleaned, I wonder?
ATB
Brian
Stud Removal. - Cliff Pope
Just another thought. If there are 8 studes in all, is it absolutely vital to use them all?
Wouldn't 7 suffice?
Stud Removal. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
Just another thought. If there are 8 studes in all, is
it absolutely vital to use them all?
Wouldn't 7 suffice?


It's a bike & there is no exhaust manifold, as such. Each of the four pipes has two studs.

If I can't get it out I will *try* it but I think it'll blow. And I'll know it wasn't done right.

Thanks for the thought though!


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Parp, Parp!
Bodge jobs. - M.M
Cliff/Toad,

Nice idea managing without that stud but the danger is the extra stress transmitted to the remaining stud on that pipe will shear/damage that one as well......and then there were six....you know how it goes!

Actually I'm doing a job like that here today where all that was needed was a new auxillary belt. 15mins to change and £15 for the belt. But there is a problem with a seized tensioner assembly where the previous owner/garage has ruined the fixings in attempting to remove it. Have ended up needing a new tensioner and bracket assembly at around £50, plus more than an hour extra labour, three phone calls to source the part then another wasted hour collecting it.

All because the previous person left it bodged. I try if at all possible never to leave something "not right", it catches up with you (or someone else) in the end.

David W
Bodge jobs. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
Too right DW I also still have a great deal of pride in the bike and want it done *right*.

I trawled the motorfactors yesterday looking for a stud remover. No joy but I have started a regeme of heating it nightly and spraying Plus Gas on in the hope that as any air pocket in the stud/head interface will contract and suck more Plus Gas into the gap.

At the same time I've printed out the numbers of some local welders who might be able to recomend a bloke who'll come to me to weld a nut on the end.

I'm hoping that plus gas + heat + stud remover/welded nut[1] will do the job.

[1] Whichever I can find first.


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Parp, Parp!
Bodge jobs. - Dizzy {P}
Following on from your thoughts about Plus Gas being drawn in as the thing cools, I wonder if using Plus Gas followed by a drop of cycle oil (3-in-1) might be worth trying?

The cycle oil would be very thin when hot so it should soak in well, and it might provide some 'residual lubrication' once it's all cooled down, whereas the Plus Gas may well have evaporated.

Another thing which I don't know would work with your stud ... screwing a tight bolt/scew clockwise a fraction of a turn (i.e. tightening it) will often break the bond more easily than turning it anti-clockwise.

Good luck!
Bodge jobs. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
The cycle oil would be very thin when hot so it
should soak in well, and it might provide some 'residual lubrication'
once it's all cooled down, whereas the Plus Gas may well
have evaporated.


Thanks I'll give it a go!


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Parp, Parp!
Bodge jobs. - doug_523i
I ran a GS750 Suzuki with only three out of the eight bolts tightened, due to similar problems. It worked fine until someone nicked the bike, which saved me the problem of extracting broken studs. Every cloud .....
Bodge jobs. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
I ran a GS750 Suzuki with only three out of the
eight bolts tightened, due to similar problems. It worked fine
until someone nicked the bike, which saved me the problem of
extracting broken studs. Every cloud .....


Only three!

One pipe must have had no support at all - relying on the other pipes to hold it in!


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Parp, Parp!
Bodge jobs. - doug_523i
Yes, it was a four into one pipe, with all four pipes welded into the collector box under the bike, so there was little movement at the exhaust port end. Every electical joint on that bike had been taped up with sellotape!!! (by the previous owner) and it had dried out and half fallen off. Three exhaust studs were the least of my worries at the time, I didn't tend to use it in the wet.
Bodge jobs. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
Yes, it was a four into one pipe, with all four
pipes welded into the collector box under the bike, so there
was little movement at the exhaust port end.


That really *is* good to know.

Every electical
joint on that bike had been taped up with sellotape!!! (by
the previous owner) and it had dried out and half fallen
off. Three exhaust studs were the least of my worries
at the time, I didn't tend to use it in the
wet.


I'd call that 'character'.



--
Parp, Parp!
Bodge jobs. - Randolph Lee
Is not "liquid Wrench" sold in the UK? a Standby for years over here (Though the new EPA friendly versions are not as good as the original formula)

www.gunk.ca/Liquid%20Wrench%201,2,3.htm

this Google search page seems to say that some folks have found it
www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=%22liquid+wrench...h

good luck


Randolph Lee
Nantucket Island, U.S.A.

I live in my own little world, but it's ok, they know me
Bodge jobs. - Dizzy {P}
Randolph,

Liquid Wrench? I thought Coke was used to free off everything in the States! I know its good for freeing off seized pistons.

Hate to think what Coke does to our teeth! Isn't phosphoric acid a main component? By the way, why do you stateside fellas insist on spelling sulphur as "sulfur" but don't spell phosphoric as "fosforic"? ;-)
Paging Andrew Moorey. - hugh
A variation on the theme of welding a nut onto the stud:
Find a piece of steel strip, drill a clearance hole,weld this onto the stud then use it as a spanner, gently rocking it in both directions until movement is felt. It is easier to get a good weld on a piece of steel than on a nut.
Hugh
Paging Andrew Moorey. - Adam Going (Tune-Up)
Hi Toad,

Sorry I missed this thread earlier, but picked it up from your comment on the F1 discussion. Andrew is away on holiday at the moment, but I don't think this is something we could help with anyway. It does sound to me like welding onto the remaining stud is the best way forward, and we don't do welding. That is not to say that you can't trawl local Y Pages for a mobile welding service, there certainly are some around.

Regards, Adam.

Paging Andrew Moorey. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
Hi Toad,
Regards, Adam.


Thanks Adam!

I'm going to have a phone round as soon as I know for sure the thread of the stud is anti clockwise...


--
Parp, Parp!
Paging Andrew Moorey. - doug_523i
I'm sure it will tighten clockwise, so when you tighten the exhaust nuts it tighten the stud.
Paging Andrew Moorey. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
I'm sure it will tighten clockwise, so when you tighten the
exhaust nuts it tighten the stud.


Me too! Otherwise you could strip the thread *undoing* the nut or undo the stud trying to tighten it.

You'll appreciate I want to be sure, though!!!


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Parp, Parp!
Removal of a sheared stud. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
Tonight's the night!

The welding guy is coming to pop the nut on.

Fingers crossed one and all...


--
Parp, Parp!
Removal of a sheared stud. - Ian Cook
I should tell that welder to mind what he's doing with your nuts.
;o)

Ian Cook
Removal of a sheared stud. - Dynamic Dave
Tonight's the night!
The welding guy is coming to pop the nut on.


WELL?? Is it out or not? What's the news?

Come on, the suspense is killing us :o)
Removal of a sheared stud. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
The Nut welding idea failed. Got the nut welded on easy but sheared the stud again. The good news is that shearing it flat to the head and has given me another cm space and meant I could *just* get a drill to it, albeit drilling at an angle. I drilled and joy of joys the old stud isn't as long as the new. I got straight through to a threaded space behind the stud and have managed to drill/needle file a 6mm hole in the centre of the 8mm bolt. I stopped 'cos it got late but it will come out with a few hours of needle file work. And if I'm careful might not need the Heilicoil!

It was firmly 'welded' in though - I can't bang a 'lip' inwards at all. It was never gonna turn it's way out. [1]

So not perfect news but good news. I'm 80 per cent pleased.

And as s**s law dictates when I was looking for a needle file I found a pack of thin stud removers in Halfords for 22 quid. ;-)

I really appreciate all the advice and help from this site.


[1] Why does anyone put a mild steel exhaust stud in an alloy head? Why, why, why.... [2]
[2] Why, why, why, why, why, why, hhy, why, why.



--
Parp, Parp!
Removal of a sheared stud. - Dizzy {P}
Good question! A non-stainless steel stud would be fitted for reasons of economy but exhaust manifold studs should be of an appropriate grade that will not be prone to breakage on removal. Engines that I was involved with in my work would have a stronger grade for the exhaust and some would even be in a 'low-creep' grade to avoid the gradual lengthening that can take place under the severe thermal cycling seen in some exhaust systems. We had studs come out with the nuts but I don't know of any cases of breakage.

I don't know modern Japanese engines at all but was involved a few years back with a project relating to design modifications to a Japanese car engine. What was more noticeable than anything else was the low grade of general purpose fasteners used on that engine, OK for original build but awful for servicing. Two examples:

The hex-headed fasteners had an indentation in the head and rounded corners ('fall-away') because this saved one coining operation during the stamping process. Their removal required a six-sided socket (rather than 12-sided) and in some cases it was necessary to resort to using a Stillson wrench or worse. Being responsible for our own company's fastener standards, I immediately added a note to our fastener specifications that the "heads must be fully formed with no fall-away".

Allen screws (capscrews) are traditionally formed from a grade of steel no lower than 10,9 otherwise they can split across the corners of the hexagon and so open out when pressure is applied with the Allen key in an attempt to remove them. Only on Japanese engines have I seen a lower grade used - 8,8. We would not have dreamed of going down to that grade just to save a fraction of a penny.

Note that this lower grade is OK for general purpose *Torx* screws because the Torx key is not trying to split open the head, the angle of drive being 15 degrees rather than 60 degrees. In fact, Camcar Corp, licensors of the Torx system, claimed that production tools for fitting Torx screws could be expected to have 1200 times the life of the equivalent tools for fitting Allen screws. Hopefully the Japanese have now abandoned capscrews in favour of Torx screws!
Removal of a sheared stud. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
It's done!

Most of my language this weekend would have been caught by the swear word censor but it's finally done.

I drilled the middle as big as I could get with a drill withough nicking the side (too much) and needle filed the remaining thin hollow bolt into three sections. Then knocked them out with a cold chisel. [1]

There was (just) enough thread left to use the new stud without re-tapping.

I bunged the new exhaust on after a day spent watching bike racing at Brands. That was a nightmare job too. It seems Motad don't make exhausts for specific bikes. Just make one sysletm and expect the owner to bend/force/tension the system into place. ;-) I looked just like Tyson afterwards and the bike had that jubilant Lewis look on it's face.

Need to tidy up and finish off[2] but I reckon it's done!


[1] Why is it that any mechanical job I do requires home made tools and broken bits of old screw drivers rather than the pristine tool collection I've ammassed? Do real mechanics find this?
[2] Bend the silencer away from the swing arm. Didn't Motad realise there'd be a swing arm???


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Parp, Parp!
Removal of a sheared stud. - BrianW
After reading of your problems, I was apprehensive before the weekend as I had to remove the exhaust from one of the scooters and could see the same thing happening.
Great sense of relief when everything came apart without any trauma!
Removal of a sheared stud. - Toad, of Toad Hall.
After reading of your problems, I was apprehensive before the weekend
as I had to remove the exhaust from one of the
scooters and could see the same thing happening.
Great sense of relief when everything came apart without any trauma!


Tell you what brian, my next bike's going to have aliminium frame & swingarm; Stainless exhaust; Alloy head/block crankcase with brass fastenings.

I'd like to see that rust.

Nearest I can find is a Bandit 12.


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Parp, Parp!
Removal of a sheared stud. - rg
ToTH,

"1] Why is it that any mechanical job I do requires home made tools and broken bits of old screw drivers rather than the pristine tool collection I've ammassed? Do real mechanics find this?"

My dad started in the motor trade in 1928 and finished in 1984.

And worked on R-R Merlins and various other aircraft engines during WWII.

You could say he was farily well up the learning curve, but never admitted to being at the top. Probably "a real mechanic"

He kept all kinds of old mis-shapen tools, old studs, bearing races, chewed-up box spanners etc,etc, etc. He said that they helped him out of tight spots from time to time. Which they certainly did.

rg


Removal of a sheared stud. - steve paterson
I've got a collection of cut down, ground down, bent and welded spanners. I use the severely shortened ones nearly every day.
They're mostly worn out and ill fitting but as they're used in situations where leverage isn't a priority it doesn't matter too much. The 'Snap On' junkies sneer when they see them.
The last time the local tool supplier was around with his van, he was promoting a new range of bent, shortened, ground down spanners.